GLOSSARYtag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009-01-28:/en/word//342009-09-24T05:06:28ZA collection of bonsai-related technical terms. Search terms to find out their pronunciations and meanings.Movable Type Commercial 4.23-jaSabamikitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8992009-05-16T11:12:24Z2009-09-24T05:06:28ZRepresents part or most of a trunk that has been damaged or split by nature after spending years in a natural growth area. This phenomenon is seen in old trees surviving in the mountains and presents a refined elegance. Sabamiki is sometimes induced by shaving a trunk in order to demonstrate its age.
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Sashikitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8982009-05-16T11:11:44Z2009-08-26T05:31:50ZGrowing from cuttings. This is the method used to put part of a plant -- for example branches, leaves or roots -- into the soil to create a new growth. Branches and leaves used are called ''sashiho'' and the soil into which they are planted is called ''sashidoko.'' Using this method, it is possible to raise trees with the same properties as the parent. It is a reliable way to grow trees, unlike jissei (trees and plants grown from seeds) or tsugiki (grafting). Depending on where the cutting is done, sashiki are divided into edazashi and mesashi (branch pruning and bud cutting, respectively). Also, depending on the season, they are referred to as natsusashi (summer sashi) and baiusashi (rainy season) cuttings. Depending on how they are placed in soil, they are also called naname(diagonal)sashi and dango(dumpling)sashi.
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Sashiedatag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8972009-05-16T11:11:00Z2009-08-26T05:34:16ZA directional branch, or show branch, that acts as the focal point of a tree. In many instances, sashieda branches are big, long and thick. They are determined by the height of a tree, the thickness of a trunk, the state of the trunk's tachiagari, the part of tree from the nebari surface roots at the base of the trunk, and the condition of the nebari. The balance between the thickness of the trunk and the sashieda, and between the height of the tree and the length of sashieda, is important. Requirements are weight, strength, and, simultaneously, beauty.
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Sakutag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8962009-05-16T11:10:15Z2009-08-26T05:36:35ZRefers to virtually completing the process of composing a tree as a result of cultivation. Like farm products, they are sharply affected by weather and climatic conditions during the year. Although all-out efforts are made in giving them nutrition and protecting them from insect pests, they may not develop as expected because of the weather. Also, as there is an expression ''mo issaku suru,'' the term is used for continuation of cultivation.
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Zatag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8952009-05-16T11:09:33Z2009-08-26T05:43:34ZThe foundation or base of a tree and one of the accomplishments of nebari, a term given to roots making themselves visible on the surface of the soil by branching off finely and thinly spreading horizontally. They are also rock-like roots in a state of fusion and extending in all directions, or roots that have nearly developed into rock-like roots.
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Gorotsuchitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8942009-05-16T11:08:35Z2009-08-26T05:42:21ZCoarse soil used at the bottom of the pot for good drainage. Soil for bonsai and different sand types are separated according to purpose of use. The coarsest grain among them measuring between 7 to 10 millimeters is known as gorotsuchi. Types of gorotsuchi include akadama, Kanuma and Fuji. They are laid lightly at the bottom of the pot and then soil for horticulture is placed on top. Generally, soil is matched to the tree. For instance, soil with a sand pedigree is used for bonsai requiring a large amount of sand, and akadama is used for deciduous trees. Gorotsuchi plays an important role in discharging surplus water and enabling air to enter easily through the opening at the bottom of the pot after water runs out.
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Koshimizutag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8932009-05-16T11:07:52Z2009-08-26T05:53:06ZThe method whereby a bonsai pot is dipped into a water-filled basin to allow it to absorb water from the bottom of the pot. It is also called koshimizu kansui (water-filled basin for watering). It is effective in preventing the bonsai pot from suffering a dearth of water in the summer. Some trees particularly need plenty of water and yanagi (weeping willows) get koshimizu from late May to mid-September. A kind of koshimizu is applied to a plant with its roots extending to the extremities of the pot so that it is able to receive a sufficient amount of water.
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Koshidakatag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8922009-05-16T11:07:13Z2009-08-26T06:33:16ZA tree with a high waist is called koshidaka. It also refers to the distance between the base of the tree and the first branch. This is frequently seen in trunks of literati style. In some instances, koshidaka can be attractive, but it tends to give a feeling of instability.
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Kokejuntag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8912009-05-16T11:06:19Z2009-08-26T06:35:31ZRefers to a trunk with a large trunk that tapers toward the apex. It is also called ''shibori'' (squeeze). It determines bonsai's aesthetic element. A tree is viewed as not well balanced if it is thick only at the base. Trees are described as having good or bad kokejun.
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Kengaitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8902009-05-16T11:05:41Z2009-08-26T06:38:06ZKengai or the cascade style is one of the bonsai forms. The apex of the tree dangles down from the bottom of a pot. It imitates a tree in nature rooted to a precipitous cliff that keeps growing as if clutching the cliff. Kengai demonstrates the tree's strong vitality and the severity of nature. The tree with its apex hanging down to the rim of the pot or its midway point is called ''hankengai'' (half-kengai form) while its slender trunk and long, dangling branches are described as ''itokengai'' (string kengai). It is the tree shape with the most variations.
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Keiseisotag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8892009-05-16T11:04:35Z2009-08-26T06:40:08ZThe keiseiso, or cambium, is a structure of dividing tissue that promotes growth of stems and roots. It is located in a vascular bundle between the xylem and the phloem. Tsugiki grafting occurs when cambiums of daiki (stock used for grafting) and hogi (daiki-grafting branches) conjugate. All cambiums are removed when kanjo habuhi or circular decorticating is conducted.
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Kuitsuki edatag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8882009-05-16T11:03:57Z2009-08-26T06:44:31ZA branch that is smaller than other branches and appears to be fastened to the trunk. Such branches are often seen in old, large trees, but are absent in young, thriving ones. In many cases, the buds sprout in areas where lower branches have been broken off or removed. Similar-looking branches are seen in trees that have fewer branches but are much more attractive, such as the literati form of trees with slender trunks and no lower branches.
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Kirimodoshitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8872009-05-16T11:03:15Z2009-08-26T06:47:25ZCutting back, a technique for cutting branches. In working on propagation of plants by cuttings and grafting, a branch to be used for rooting is cut diagonally at the base once and also cut from the opposite side to make it look like a V-shaped wedge. The tip becomes hard to break and increases the fusion rate. Another way to demonstrate the cutting back technique is to chop the tip of the branch by the edge of a bud at the base of the branch and cultivate it to grow a new branch.
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Kirikomitag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8862009-05-16T11:02:36Z2009-08-26T06:49:25ZThis is to sever a branch or cut it short. It is one of the ways to shape a tree and is the same as ''sentei'' (trimming of a tree). When a bonsai tree is frequently cut while young and in cultivation, its trunk refrains from becoming stout and the tree's character does not improve. Kirikomi is repeated after the trunk grows and becomes thick in size.
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Kyokuzuketag:bonsai.shikoku-np.co.jp,2009:/en/word//34.8852009-05-16T11:01:45Z2009-08-26T06:51:57ZThis refers to wiring a trunk or branch for bending to create elegance. It is also called ''moyozuke'' (making of patterns). The wiring work is done by and large when branches are 1 or 2 years old because it cannot be carried out when trunks and branches become old. In addition to wiring, there is also a way of setting a pole made from bamboo or synthetic resin while a branch and trunk are under cultivation in the field, by bending the trunk and fastening it for kyokuzuke.
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